Sexual dimorphism applying the mandibular canine index in a Brazilian sample: a pilot study

This research study aimed at applying the morphometric quantification of the canine index for sexual dimorphism in a Brazilian sample. This was an observational study and the convenience sample consisted of 90 adult participants (45 male subjects and 45 female subjects), aging from 18 to 35 years. With the aidof a digital caliper, the intraoral mesiodistal measurement of the permanent mandibular right canine (MD43) and the intercanine distance (IC) were taken by three examiners. The measurements were applied to the mandibular canine index formula to estimate sex based on the morphometric features of human canines. The applicability of this approach for sexual dimorphism was assessed based on the mandibular canine index (MCI) calculated by the formula. The MCI was higher in male than in female subjects. In the total sample, the MCI overall mean accuracy rate for sexual dimorphism was 52.22%. In male subjects, the MCI was able to properly differentiate sex in 82.22% of the sample, while in female subjects the accuracy rate decreased to 22.22%. These results call the attention to the careful use of MCI especially for Forensic Anthropology. In particular, the accuracy of the method was close to the random of a sample that contained both sexes. Thus, the MCI should not be used as the only tool for sexual dimorphism.

Análise dos processos indenizatórios envolvendo a odontologia na Grande Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil / Analysis of the lawsutis involving Dentistry in metropolitan Vitória, Espírito Santo State, Brazil

A responsabilidade civil na atuação odontológica envolve a reparação de um dano e pode gerar, ao final do processo, a obrigação de indenizar o indivíduo lesado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o levantamento e a análise dos processos de responsabilidade civil envolvendo cirurgiões-dentistas e clínicas odontológicas na Região Metropolitana da Grande Vitória (RMGV), Espírito Santo, Brasil. Foram analisados processos instaurados entre 2009 e 2017, sendo verificados os valores de indenização, as especialidades odontológicas envolvidas, presença de laudo pericial e o acionamento de seguro de responsabilidade. Foi encontrado um total de 102 processos. As especialidades mais envolvidas foram Prótese Dentária, Ortodontia e Implantodontia. 84 processos foram instaurados nos Juizados Especiais Cíveis (JEC), enquanto 18 foram via justiça comum (JC). Nos processos do JEC, os valores de indenização solicitados variaram entre R$ 100,00 e R$ 35.000,00, sendo que 21 processos se apresentavam em andamento, 26 foram resolvidos por meio de acordo, 19 foram extintos sem resolução de mérito, em 11 houve sentença favorável ao paciente e sete foram extintos pelo autor. Nos processos da JC os valores de indenização solicitados variaram entre R$ 2.800,00 e R$ 120.237,00, sendo que 14 processos apresentavam-se em andamento, dois foram encerrados por acordo e em dois houve sentença favorável ao cirurgião-dentista. Houve presença de laudo pericial em quatro casos e nenhuma contratação de seguro de responsabilidade civil. Concluiu-se que no período estudado houve uma tendência ao crescimento na ocorrência dos processos na RMGV

Civil liability in the dental practice involves the obligation to repair an injury and can generate, in a lawsuit, the obligation to indemnify the patient. The aim of this study was to carry out a survey to analyze lawsuits involving dentists and dental offices in the Vitória Metropolitan Region (VMR), Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Lawsuits filed between 2009 and 2017 were analyzed and collected data as values, dental specialties involved, presence of expert witness report and the use of liability insurance. 102 lawsuits were found. The main dental specialties were Prosthodontics, Orthodontics and Dental Implants. 84 cases were filed in special civil courts (SCC), while 18 cases were filed through the ordinary courts (OC). In the SCC cases, the indemnity amounts requested ranged from R$ 100.00 to R$ 35,000.00, of which 21 were in progress, 26 were concluded through agreement, 19 were finished without merit resolution, in 11 cases the patient was the winner, and seven were extinguished by the author. In the cases of OC, the indemnity amounts requested ranged from R$ 2,800.00 to R$ 120,237.00, of which 14 were in progress, two were concluded through agreements and in two was a favorable decision to the dentist. There was expert witness report in four cases and no contracting of civil liability insurance. It was concluded that in the studied period there was a tendency to growth related to lawsuits involving Dentistry in the VMR.

Dental and medical advertising: comparative analysis of the rules of professional conduct / Publicidade odontológica e médica: análise comparativa das normas profissionais

ABSTRACT In health care professional activities, advertising is an issue that raises serious discussions and is the cause of some ethical suits in professional entities, since every advertising should follow the provisions of the Code of Professional Responsibility. Therefore, this research study aimed at analyzing, comparing and discussing articles related to advertising and marketing, considering the current regulations from dental and medical entities. In Dentistry, this subject is ruled by the Code of Professional Conduct, Chapter XVI, 'From advertising and marketing'. In Medicine, information is found in two regulations and in several chapters of the Code of Medical Ethics and in Resolution No. 1.974/2011 of the Federal Council of Medicine, which establishes the guiding criteria for medical advertising. The three regulations present articles that refers to participation in mass media, required information in advertisements, use of sensationalism and self-promotion, and publishing of unproven specialties and titles, highlighting the importance of these topics. The medical regulation also includes participation in publishing ads of manufacturing companies and an exclusive committee to deal with advertising and marketing issues, topics that are not considered in the dental regulation.

RESUMO Analisar, comparar e discutir os artigos relacionados ao tópico sobre propaganda e publicidade nas legislações vigentes e emanadas das classes odontológica e médica, a partir da consulta a essas legislações. Na Odontologia, este assunto é regido pelo Código de Ética Odontológica, no Capítulo XVI, "Do anúncio, da propaganda e da publicidade". Na Medicina, encontram-se informações em duas legislações sobre o tema, em diversos capítulos do Código de Ética Médica e na Resolução nº 1.974/2011 do Conselho Federal de Medicina, que estabelece os critérios norteadores da propaganda médica. As três legislações apresentam artigos que dizem respeito à participação em meios de comunicação em massa, informações mínimas presentes em anúncios, utilização de sensacionalismo e autopromoção e anúncio de especialidades e títulos não comprovados, destacando a importância desses tópicos. A legislação médica traz, também, da participação em anúncios de empresas comerciais relacionadas à sua profissão e sobre uma comissão exclusiva para tratar de assuntos de divulgação, tópicos desconsiderados na legislação odontológica.

Reconstrução facial forense tridimensional: técnica manual vs. técnica digital / Three-dimensional forensic facial reconstruction: manual technique vs. digital technique

A técnica da Reconstrução Facial Forense (RFF) pode ser útil quando há pouca ou nenhuma evidência para a identificação humana, caracterizando-se como um método auxiliar neste processo. Existem duas maneiras de se conduzir a RFF em três dimensões: a manual e a digital. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a RFF de um mesmo crânio artificial utilizado para fins didáticos através dos dois métodos, digital e manual, e comparar os resultados obtidos, bem como as dificuldades e diferenças encontradas entre as duas técnicas. O protocolo da reconstrução facial tridimensional manual foi baseado no protocolo estabelecido por Taylor (2001) e a reconstrução digital foi baseada no protocolo de aproximação facial forense digital desenvolvido por Moraes e Miamoto (2015). Ao realizar a análise antropológica do crânio utilizado para a RFF, chegou-se ao perfil antropológico: espécie humana, sexo masculino, adulto (idade aproximada de 30 a 40 anos) e ancestralidade miscigenada, predominantemente caucasiano. Após o estabelecimento do perfil realizou-se a reconstrução facial manual e posteriormente a digital. Para a realização da determinação da espessura de tecidos moles, através de marcadores nos pontos craniométricos, foi utilizada a tabela desenvolvida por Beaini (2013). Concluiu-se que a reconstrução facial manual é possível de ser realizada por um operador leigo, sendo esta técnica a que mostrou maior subjetividade. Enquanto a técnica digital apresentou maior dificuldade pela falta de experiência do operador, resultando em uma reconstrução incompleta, devido à ausência do globo ocular

The technique of Forensic Facial Reconstruction (FFR) may be useful when there is little or no evidence for human identification, characterized as an auxiliary method. There are two ways of conducting FFR in three dimensions: manual and digital. The objective of this study was to perform the FFR of the same artificial skull used for didactic purposes through the two methods, digital and manual, and compare the results obtained, as well as the difficulties and differences found between the two techniques. The manual three-dimensional facial reconstruction protocol was based on the protocol established by Taylor (2001) and the digital reconstruction was based on the digital forensic facial approximation protocol developed by Moraes and Miamoto (2015). When performing the anthropological analysis of the skull used for the FFR, the anthropological profile obtained was: human being, male, adult (approximately 30-40 years old), and predominantly Caucasian ancestry. After the establishment of the profile, manual and digital facial reconstruction were performed. For the determination of the thickness of soft tissues, through markers positioned in the craniometric points, it was used the table developed by Beaini (2013). It was concluded that manual facial reconstruction is possible to be performed by a lay operator, and this technique showed the highest subjectivity. While the digital technique presented greater difficulty due to lack of operator experience, resulting in an incomplete reconstruction, due to the absence of the eye